This morning was a big one on the preservation front. The first chore was to chop the rest of the good kale leaves off the plants. Kale is a mainstay of my winter eating. So I like to freeze a lot of it. For greens I shoot for about 40 servings of the chenopodiums with about half spinach and half chard. And about the same amount of the brassicas split between kale and broccoli.
I picked about four and a half pounds of kale from the Blue Curly Kale. Despite it being a more dwarf plant, it gave me a much bigger harvest than the Winterbor. I think that is because the Winterbor starts to bolt earlier than the other.
After blanching I divided the kale up into packets to freeze. I have two servings in each container. Once they freeze I'll take them out and vacuum seal. With 18 servings they end up being about a quarter pound each, which is a nice size.
This is the last of the kale leaves. And all told I have 28 servings frozen. So the kale did decently. Lets hope the broccoli can make up the 12 I still need. I didn't eat any of the kale leaves fresh this spring but that doesn't mean I was deprived of kale. I had lots and lots of kale blossoms to eat. I probably had them at every other meal for the last three weeks. It has been a good kale run. I'll be sad to see it go. I might get another serving before I rip the plants out, but maybe not. I do want to get the parsnips in soon.
The oregano in the herb bed was just taking over, so it was the next plant to get harvested. I only harvested half because I didn't think more would fit in the dehydrator. I'll save the other half for another day.
But I was wrong. I could only fit about half of that in the dehydrator. So I had to use the oven method for the rest. I turned the oven on at its lowest temperature which is 170F. Then turned it off and put in the herbs. Four hours later (because I forgot about it) I turned it on until it heated up again. It is slow going that way, but at least the oregano won't mold on me. I expect that when the dehydrator is empty I'll refill with what is in the oven. I could just leave the oven on at that temperature, but it is a bit hot. I'd really like to have the herbs not see anything over 115F for better quality.
I've been playing with salad dressings recently as I've been eating salads everyday for lunch. In the last couple of weeks I was experimenting with blue cheese dressing. I hated blue cheese as a child, but tastes change and blue cheese is supposed to be really good for you. So I tried it out again. And yup I do like it now. But the real garden dressings are ones that use your homegrown herbs. So today I tried making a Green Goddess dressing. It has parsley, chives, and tarragon. All herbs that grow in my garden. The verdict is that I like it, but I'll have to play with it some more. The classic Green Goddess is made with a mayo base. I'm not a huge fan of tons of mayo. I don't mind some. So I cut it in half with buttermilk which was good. But I may replace some of the mayo with sour cream too. And it needs a lot more herbs.
Yesterday when I was taking photos from the garden for my post, I took one of the spinach. The Space spinach had grown so much in the last week. It was time to do my first harvest. Now I've been doing small harvests for a week or so now, but just enough for my salads. This batch was going to be saved for next winter. I wanted to pick as much as I could without slowing the harvests down. Last time I talked about preserving my spinach I got question on how I did it. So this time I'll go through the whole process.
I grow my spinach under a row cover because we have leaf miners here. They come out toward the beginning of May and just keep on laying eggs all year long until it freezes up. You can pick the small white eggs off of the back of the leaves, but I grow a whole 4'x 8' bed of spinach so that would be way too much work. As you can see I have a small stool because it saves on my back and knees. I keep my basket in my shadow as I pick so the leaves don't wilt. And I try to keep the bed mostly covered as I work to make sure those leaf miner flies don't get in.
Since the spinach isn't bolting yet, it will have a little more time to grow. I don't want to pick too many of the leaves. Above is what the bed was like when I was done. I want to leave plenty of leaves for the plant to make more and I don't want to stress it out too much and force it to bolt, which isn't far off regardless. As it was I only got 1.7 lbs of spinach out of the patch. Last year's harvests were so much better. But then we didn't have a late spring like this year.
I washed the spinach well and blanched it for 2 minutes. If you have never blanched anything before it is important to use a large pot and don't put too much produce in to blanch at a time. You want the water to start at a boil and though it would be nice if it stayed that way, the spinach does cool it down. It ought to start boiling again before the process is done at the very least. If not use a larger pot, or put in less spinach at once.
When my timer beeps at me, I scoop it out of the pot. Use something big enough that scooping doesn't take long. I scoop because don't want to toss that boiling water away as I blanch in small batches. When I scoop, it goes right into a pan of ice water. You need enough ice in it so that it doesn't all melt by the time the spinach has cooled down. And once it is in the water, stir. Cool the spinach down as fast as possible.
Then you have to freeze it. I freeze leafy greens in blocks - two per container, squeezing out the water before I freeze it. For spinach I like a block that is just over 1/2 cup. Kale tends to be about 2/3 of a cup. I'm not sure why, but I like eating those portions so that is how I make them. The US says a serving is 1/2 of a cup of vegetables. The UK says 80g. The uncooked spinach is about 5 ounces in each block or 140 grams.
Once that block is frozen, I pop it out. If I'm freezing in the fall sometimes I get lazy and just put it in a zipper bag. But it is still spring and these have to stay frozen for a long time to last the whole winter. So I will vacuum seal these. I also store my produce in a chest freezer. Your typical freezer is a frost free freezer. It heats up the walls to melt the ice that forms. Produce doesn't keep in that kind of freezer very well before the quality drops. Maybe 2 months. But in my chest freezer I still have some of last year's produce and it tastes good. At least in the vacuum bags. In a zipper bag would be freezer burned by now.
Usually Memorial Day (last Monday in May) marks the start of summer and warm weather here in New England when everyone plants out their tomatoes. Well yesterday barely broke 50F (10C) which is 20 degrees below normal. The weathermen predicted that we would get into the forties. Well they were wrong. It got to 38F (3C) last night. I wonder if northern New England had a lot of late frosts. I hope my Maine gardening friends haven't lost their tomatoes.
It was cold enough to bring my soil temperatures down to almost 40F. I've already seeded my beans and squash. Those seeds will not like these temperatures. I hope they don't rot in the soil. Today will be much warmer and sunny which will help. It won't be quite back to average, but at least it will be in the normal range.
But what I'm most worried about are my sweet potato plants. Yesterday these plants were green. They have turned purple from the cold. Sweet potatoes rot in storage when they see temperatures below 55F. Those roots are seeing a lot colder temperatures now. When I planted them the soil was in the mid 60Fs.
Not everything is hating the weather though. The spinach is happy to see cooler temperatures. It looks like it is ready for its first picking.
The garlic and onions seem to be really happy with the rain we had. They are both looking gorgeous. But no sign of scapes yet.
The carrots behind some bunching onions have no trouble with our dip in the temperatures.
I'll leave you with a photo of the garden entrance. I keep thinking I need to climb onto my husbands car to get a good photo of this. I've yet to get a photo that really shows the whole garden well. At my last house the land had a slope so it was tilted when I took a photo. And I had a good view out my dining room window. Here there really aren't any good vantage points. So I take photos of bits of the garden.
If you notice in that last photo, Kronos, my daughter's dog, is behind the garden gate. My daughter is back in Canada now, but I still have her dog for the summer. She is staying with a friend who is allergic to dogs, but she promises me that she will get an apartment in September that allows them. So for the summer I'll have a partner with me.
I had two big harvests this week. I picked all of the radishes as they were full sized. And radishes don't keep in the ground well. They turn hollow in the center and get hot. It seemed like a lot of radishes to eat, but I got two containers filled with them, and I've almost finished the first one. I'll miss them when they are gone, but hopefully I'll have salad turnips by then.
The other big harvest was the kale harvest. I didn't pick this for fresh eating, but for freezing for the winter. This is the Winterbor kale. I still have the Blue Curly kale left to pick when the blossoms start to peter out. And yes I am eating a lot of kale blossoms now. I have enough to eat them almost every day. They are so delicious. They remind me a lot of garlic scapes in a way. They are one of those foods that most people haven't heard of much less eaten, but they are such a wonderful seasonal treat for gardeners.
Then I had three baskets of greens. Lots of lettuce and kale blossoms. With the first of the boc choy, Fun Jen, and tatsoi. I'm also picking a bit of mizuna for my salad. Soon I'll have to do a large mizuna harvest and will have enough to cook with. And I had the first few leaves of spring spinach. I hope it grows fast. I need this bed in two weeks. Usually I get two harvests out of the spring spinach, but I think this year I'll only get one. So sad. Usually I share it as there is so much, but this year I won't be sharing pounds like last year.
Asian Greens: 2.54 lbs
Greens: 4.13 lbs
Herbs: 0.08 lbs
Roots: 2.56 lbs
Weekly Total: 9.34 lbs
Yearly Total: 15.49 lbs
Yearly Tally: -455.62
Harvest Monday is a day to show off your harvests, how you are saving your harvest, or how you are using your harvest. If you have a harvest you want to show off, add your name and link to Mr Linky below.
Isn't there such potential in an empty bed? It could be anything. But today it became the cucumber and zucchini bed. I prepped and planted a row of cucumbers along the back. I'll trellis them once they get big. And there will be three zucchini plants along the front. Costata Romanesca is a very hard one to control as they will try to run all over and escape the bed. I'm not a fan of its habit but I like the taste better than most zucchinis.
The next bed that I prepared was my sweet potato bed. As you can see it has a nice brick path that goes along two of its sides and the edges of the bed are also brick. This bed gets nice and hot in the summer. I'm never sure how many plants to put in. In the north it is better to space them closely as they don't have time to expand and root and set more potatoes. Typically I get sweet potatoes only from where the original plants were put. So they are a bit over a foot apart in all directions. I have three rows (and an extra plant at each of the points where the bed sticks out).
One row is Purple, an apt name for the potato that is purple inside and out. I put it near the path. The roots of Purple will spread all over everywhere. The tubers tend to be thin but very very long. And I didn't want to deconstruct the whole bed to try to find them when their roots break out and go into the path. But I think the brick path will contain them. That path has a pretty solid foundation.
In the middle of the bed is Beauregard. It attracts whatever pest I have. I don't know what it is - maybe the sow bugs - but whatever it is, it eats holes in the tubers. It seems to like this potato the best. So maybe the other two wills stay nice and I can bake them. The Beauregards will all be peeled to get rid of the damage. The last variety is Garnet. Whatever the pest is, it usually leaves this alone for the most part. I get some holes but not many. Because of that it is the best baker of the bunch.
I wanted to get them in today because their roots were getting long. As it is they got a bit too long for my tastes. But they will be fine.
There they are all planted out. You may wonder what the bamboo is for. Well the cats here have contests about who can leave me more presents in the soil and there are a lot of cats in the neighborhood. I'm not a fan of their behavior. The poles discourage them. I can't leave my soil uncovered even for a day. I've learned. I have bird netting cut to the size of the beds. But once the plants are in the netting really doesn't work. So I resort to other measures. The poles won't have to be there long as the sweet potatoes will be big enough in a month to remove. Then the foliage will discourage those cats.
Though I had prepped the bed and planted the corn of the first two sisters bed, I hadn't yet planted the squash. So today I did. I like two vines from each end to trail in between the corn. Hopefully the soil is warm enough for them to germinate.
Not a lot has been going on in the garden the last few days. I've gotten some weeding in. I dug out some gooseberry plants. If I let them (which I did last year), any branch that touches the ground will root. I offered them to Connie and she picked them up today. Then when I was in the garden I noticed I have a sage plant that self seeded and lots of oregano. And I still have anise hyssop and lemon balm seedlings coming up. I should have offered them to her as I'm just going to yank them out. And of course I can always split chives, garlic chives, and mint. She has a new yard that needs filling and they are certainly things to fill it with.
Today I planted out my basil. I had five plants and put them in two spots. Last year I lost all of mine to basil downy mildew for the first time. I'm hoping they live this year.
I also put a row of pole bean seeds out. They are between the chard and the onions.
This year I planted three kinds - Kentucky Wonder, Golden Gate Pole, and Yard Long. I'm not making my typical bamboo trellis for them. I'm hoping the 6' T-posts will be tall enough. But I don't know if they will stand up to the really nasty winds we have. I think I'll have to put in some angled poles later to give them more support.
None of that was real work as the ground had already been fertilized and prepared. I just had to plop them in. Tomorrow and Monday I'll have to prepare the cucumber/zucchini bed and the sweet potato bed then plant them up. Those might actually take some time and involve a little sweat.
I've also been playing around with gluten free bread. I've found baking gluten free to be much harder than using gluten. If you are off be a little the muffin/bread will be either dry as a bone when cooked, or it won't really cook right at all and be gluey. Ick. Gluten is such a magical substance. The bread above though came out fabulous. It is a very eggy yeast bread. At least with gluten free breads making bread is fast. They only need one short rise before cooking.
I was checking the weather forecast. At this time of the year I do that a lot. Usually I plant my sweet potatoes on June 1st. But the reality is that it is a very fluid date. Starting next week the predictions are for warmer weather. So I decided Monday was a good day to plant them. But first I wanted to root the slips.
As you can see above I grow my slips in jars of water. I have three kinds of sweet potatoes - Purple, Beauregard, and Garnet. I'm slowly learning about growing them from slips. Garnet is a very very slow producer of slips. Last year I barely got any Garnets because they were a couple weeks behind the others. This year I started them very early. I can't remember when as I didn't write it down. I think at the beginning of February. The other two I started at the beginning of March. Well Purple is very precocious. I should have started them at the end of March.
As you can see by their root mass when I removed them from the jar, they were a little overly enthusiastic about growing. As I broke the slips off of the sweet potato I noticed that I got about twice as many of these as the other kinds. But that is fine. Purple is a wonderful sweet potato.
I like to root my slips in water for a week or a little less. Just until the roots get about half an inch long. I don't like them too long as those roots form the potatoes. I want them to find their own way in the soil. Sometimes when you plant and the roots are long they get squished together when planting. But that little extra time rooting indoors helps us here in our cool climate.
I did start one a bit early. I put it in the planter by my front door. I figured people grow ornamental sweet potatoes all the time to trail down the side of the pot. Garnets have very pretty foliage. So why not see if I get any extra sweet potatoes in my flowers.
When I was out in the yard I noticed that my strawberries are setting. I'm not going to get a lot this year, but I'd better get all the ones that the plants produce. I don't want the squirrels and the groundhogs eating them. So I found the netting in the basement and put it on. I just hope the strawberries do better than last year.
While I was there I noticed my figs. It looks like my winter insulation experiment was a success. Well at least the really heavy insulation. The lighter one didn't work nearly as well in the harsh winter we had. I don't see any growth on the old trunk, but there is still time yet. I'll give it a couple more weeks before I cut it all back. But the Paridisio that I insulated well has most of its trunk alive and a little bit of the branches. Most of the branches did die back a lot, but it might be enough to give it a good start this year. If it can produce before it gets too cold I'll be happy. If not I'm going to rip at least one of the figs out. I have visions of a persimmon tree.
I suppose I ought to try a persimmon first to see if I even like it. Though it is hard to imagine a fruit I wouldn't love.
I looked at my plum tree too and sadly the aphids have already found it. That tree will be the death of me. Or at least I'll go bald from ripping my hair out in frustration. I'm going to have to spray with some insecticidal soap and fish emulsion soon. I just hate doing that. But I should put it on a two week spray schedule. I guess the good in that is that I can spray the favas easily too as I'll have the spray mixed up.
Yesterday I put the strings on my trellises. The fava beans get a grid pattern to hold them upright in the wind. As they grow I'll put more layers onto the grid. Eventually I'll have three. The peas have one that is two dimensional. Just lines of string between the T-posts. I'll have to force them on it though. They would really rather climb up the carrot row cover than up the trellis.
While I was weeding the carrots I noticed a couple of spots that had plants like this. It is a classic sign of the cutworm. Cutworms hide just under the soil near where they pull in their stolen leaves. So I rooted around in the soil until I found them and then squished them. They really took down a lot of the carrots, but I wasn't paying enough attention. I should be more careful.
I'm also noticing some root maggot damage in the cabbage patch. I cover to keep those flies out, but obviously I wasn't 100% successful. The two plants that are wilting might live but I doubt it. Sadly such things are all too normal and I'm sure they won't be the last plants to bite the dust this year.
Today I was out weeding just to be outside and decided the lettuce was big enough to plant. This is my third secession so far this year. I hope I keep it up, but the odds are I'll forget about it at some point and then the lettuce will be over. Maybe tomorrow I'll get the next succession started.
I have two types of kale in the garden right now. The Winterbor was the first to start flowering and it seems to be about over now. So it was time to cut off the leaves to freeze. I only take the nice spring grown leaves. The leaves that lived over the winter are tough and not worth it. Those I left on the plant. And I lopped of the stem down to those leaves. I don't think I'll get anything more from the plants, but just in case they have another flush of blossoms or leaves I figured I ought to leave them for a week.
I blanched them in boiling water. I really thought about trying to do a low temperature blanch as these are brassicas. So why would I even contemplate this? Well when you blanch you destroy enzymes. Usually this is a good thing. Those enzymes would slowly turn your vegetables to bad tasting mush even in the freezer. This is the reason we blanch produce in the first place. But one of those enzymes destroyed is myrosinase (thioglucoside glucohydrolase) which is a very important one to your health. When the enzyme acts on glucoraphanin it creates sulforaphane. When people tell you that broccoli helps fight cancer they really mean that the sulforaphane helps fight cancer. When they tell you to cut your brassicas and let them sit for a while before cooking this is the reason. You want to make those sulforaphnes before you destroy your myrosinase. BTW a light steaming isn't enough to destroy it so not overcooking your greens is a good way to keep those chemicals around when you cook fresh produce. But if you are preserving and you blanch at low temperatures, the study says 76C, you will retain 80% of the myrosinase.
Well I didn't do that. Can you imagine trying to keep the water from getting over 76C without an automatic thermometer controlling the heat? But luckily someone else came up with a solution. They found that if you put as little as 0.25% of freeze dried diakon radish over the cooked broccoli it is enough. Which is great for commercial processors if they want to help our health. But I don't have freeze dried diakon. Now I might not be a researcher (though I'm obviously a nerd that loves to read), but I know that mustard seed has plenty of myrosinase (though I don't know about commercial prepared mustard as they do have commercial processes to destroy the myrosinase in mustard seed which I'm assuming they do to keep the prepared mustard fresh longer). I know that the myrosinase in mustard seed has the most activity at a pH of around 4.7 so a lemon mustard sauce ought to work well. BTW that pH is different for different myrosinase in the plants. Broccoli's is fairly neutral. Cabbage is alkaline.
This myrosinase-glucoraphanin system is actually a defense mechanism by the plants. The two chemicals are in different but close cells. So when the plant starts getting chewed on sulforaphane (and other chemicals) are formed. Even some humans just hate the taste of the cabbage family. But most of us have evolved to like it. Also it does create a bit of a poison. It can cause hypothyroidism if you eat way way too much of the crucifers for a long time. The one person that it was know to happen to ate about two to three pounds of raw bok choy a day for months. This myrosinase-glucoraphanin system has a couple of mechanisms for harming your production of thyroid hormones. One chemical competes with the uptake of iodine and another interferes with the creation of the thyroid hormones. So everything in moderation. You only need three to five servings a week for the anticancer benefits. And I'm eating brassicas everyday now as they are in season, but I don't eat two pounds a day and I usually cook at least some of them.
My problem of course is that I eat from the garden in the winter so I freeze my brassias to be able to do this. Almost all of my brassicas are frozen from January to mid March. Usually mid March I break down and buy some St. Patrick day cabbages. I do go out to eat and broccoli is a favorite choice. But the reality is I don't get enough of those cancer fighting chemicals over the winter. I really ought to make up a good recipe for a mustard lemon sauce for them. A mustard cheese sauce would be so delicious. And if I buy some fresh horseradish (I'm guessing the prepared stuff has been cooked) I could make a horseradish sauce too. Though I never did find the pH best for the myrosinase in horseradish.
Well I was going to talk about what I did in the garden yesterday too, but I guess my nerd attack took up a lot of space. So I'll write another post later.
This weeks saw two baskets of greens and radishes. This includes the first harvest of the bok choy. Both the early bok choy and the tatsoi are ready to pick now so I can have fresh cooked greens as well as the salad greens.
And two baskets of kale blossoms. In addition the first baskets has the lone two choy sum stalks that grew. Sadly lack of rain and watering on my part killed them. I did water some things in the days before the rain. But not noticing is a problem with the thicker row covers. I just can't see in as well. At least the two stalks that I did get were thick and quite delicious.
I got the first harvest of my rhubarb which is the first of the fruit harvests this year. I know it really isn't a fruit but it is lumped into that category.
I do my tally for fruits very differently than for the vegetables. Vegetables are annuals for the most part. Yes some herbs and asparagus aren't, but the majority are. So making a yearly tally makes sense if you want to see if your garden is paying for itself or not. I know the answer doesn't really matter as the garden is so much more than just a source of food, but I started to do tallies because I thought the numbers would be interesting to know. And I kept doing them because the harvest totals let me know how a new technique or timing schedule was working. But I digress.
The fruits are different because you can plant a fruit tree or sometimes a bush and not get a harvest for years. But when a tree starts to produce it can put out pounds and pounds of fruit for a very long time. So my fruit tally is a running tally over the years. Sadly it seems every year I spend more money than I bring in from the fruit. Evey year I plant something new or put up a new trellis. This year I put in a weeping plum and some strawberries.
Last week I ordered some soaker hose and a timer for the raspberries. The raspberries were put in against the house. Actually they are surrounded by two bulkheads, a brick path, and the house. Which makes them easy to control. But sadly they are also in the rain shadow of the house. And they have slowly been dying as they don't get enough water. Three of the plants have already died, and we only have two left. I'm sure they would spread if we could keep them watered enough. So I spent yet more money on the fruits.
It will be interesting to see how long it will take me to break even on the fruits. I might never if I keep putting more things in, or like the strawberries, I replace them with other varieties. I know of four trees that are being evaluated right now and might get ripped out at sometime for various reasons - a Honeycrisp apple that doesn't want to grow, a Green Gage plum that attracts every aphid in the yard and is always sickly, two figs that aren't really hardy here, but I'm experimenting with keeping them alive over the winter. But I'm giving them more time to see if they can live and produce. So I can see potential expenses in the future. But maybe not.
Asian Greens: 0.53 lbs
Greens: 1.36 lbs
Herbs: 0.29 lbs
Roots: 0.59 lbs
Weekly Total: 2.48 lbs
Yearly Total: 6.16 lbs
Yearly Tally: -484.23
Fruit
Rhubarb 2.14 lbs
Spent 28.54
Tally (all years): 77.64 lbs $-1022.78
Harvest Monday is a day to show off your harvests, how you are saving your harvest, or how you are using your harvest. If you have a harvest you want to show off, add your name and link to Mr Linky below.
I was very happy to see the rain come in last night. The last rain we had was on the 10th and we have seen some hot weather for May. We had three days in the 80Fs (over 27C). The plants were feeling the stress. I hand watered some of the beds, but not enough and not all of them.
It is amazing what rain will do for a garden. My lettuce grew by leaps and bounds overnight. I swear the Fun Jen doubled in size. It was struggling before. I wasn't worried about it as it has gone out of favor in my kitchen. Plants come into and out of favor at the drop of a hat. One year it was my favorite. Now I wonder if my townhouse mates will eat it. Sometimes I'm fickle that way.
The spinach that just wasn't growing has sped up overnight. The soil is warm. The weather is wet. Maybe it will produce this year after all.
Yesterday my onions were looking a little yellow. But they are all green again. They look so healthy now.
The cabbage bed is looking a lot healthier too. Sadly my little choy sum along the end of the bed died from lack of water. I didn't even notice them or I would have watered them. I did get two nice stalks out of the plants before they died.
And the early planted Asian greens look so lush right now. They are in their prime. I picked one of those bok choys for lunch today.
And the rubarita was pretty good last night as I listened to the rain start. Right now the rain is starting to clear out and the weekend looks lovely.
