I Will Grind Your Bones To Make My...

I love eggs. I eat them every day and every day I get two egg shells. Such things should never go to waste. They are rich in calcium. I save them. They get cooked in the oven whenever the oven is being used. It isn't worth heating the oven up just for them, but I am paranoid about salmonella, so unlike some people I cook them. Then I roughly crush them and put them in a ziplock bag in my pantry until it is full. Once or twice a year I take the bag out and powder the contents in my food processor (warning doing so will cloud the bowl of your food processor). It is probably not necessary, but I think the large eggshell chunks look funny in my garden and they take forever to break down.

So what does one do with saved eggshells? Some people make their own calcium suppliments with them. I'm not quite ready to try that yet. Others swear roughly crushed eggshells kill slugs. I've tried it. My slugs laugh at such attempts to kill them and multiply.

I use it as fertilizer. Sometimes it gets sprinkled on the compost pile, but my favorite way to use them is on my tomatoes. They love them. I put the powder under them as a supplement when they get planted. If I suspect blossom end rot, I make eggshell tea to water them. Blossom end rot happens when the plant isn't taking up enough calcium. This is often the result of erratic watering, but since I can't time my rainstorms, I supplement with egg shell tea and it works.

The other day I made roast chicken. The next day of course was chicken soup to use up the carcass. As I was throwing away all those bones, I started thinking. I keep my eggshells. Why don't I keep my bones? Instead I buy bone meal for the garden. This seems kind of silly. Was there a way to grind up the bones for use. Thoughts of sledgehammers went through my mind. Though I did toss that set of bones, I started searching the web for more information.

My initial thought as I typed in my search was, "This is an awfully grisly search." I was wondering how much of my web traffic was getting monitored by some government computer somewhere and what someone would think about me wanting to know about how to grind up bones. Well it turns out it is a very common subject among pet owners that feed their cats a more natural diet. Yes they grind up chicken bones all the time with meat grinders, but raw chicken bones are easier to grind than the cooked ones. So on I went with the search.

Lots of people burn them and then put them on their garden. Not quite what I was looking for. One person uses a Vita Mixer. Another uses a pressure cooker to make his soup. It turns out when you cook chicken bones in a pressure cooker they get really soft and then break up easily. Interesting, but I don't have a pressure cooker.

Then I found my favorite site (scroll down to the article "How To Make Bone Compost"). Ah yes go back a hundred years and see how they did it then. Wood ash, bones and water together will turn bones into mush in about three months. In fact you get both your P and some K with that mixture. I'm assuming it will still be very alkaline, so great for liming my garden. If only I still used my fireplace, I'd have a steady supply of wood ash. Hmmm. I'm thinking I can get wood ash on camping trips. Or maybe I'll just go buy myself a pressure canner/cooker and make my life easy. I really would love one to can pumpkin this fall. I've been thinking of a pressure canner for some time. Then again the sledgehammer idea sounds like it might be fun.

Nature

The APLS carnival this month is about nature - my relationship to it and how it relates to sustainability. Nature has always played a large roll in my life in one way or another, but I've had a great deal of trouble writing this post. I'd start then erase it all and start again. So here we go again for one more try.

I grew up in the mountains of Colorado. My parents owned about six acres of land. The house was built into the side of a cliff and some of the walls inside were the actual cliff side. The surrounding landscape was not planted, but it was all natural woods. We didn't have the typical lawn, but instead we had natural meadows that had a profusion of wildflowers every spring. My backyard was a National Forest.

So I certainly grew up with nature. I loved being outside more than inside (except when Star Trek was on :>). In the afternoons I would take my dog and we would go running up the neighboring mountain. In the summer I would splash in the creek bed in the valley. As I grew older my outside time became more structured. I took up backpacking and helped start a backpacking club in my high school.

When I got married and moved to Boston suburbia, I was suffocated by all the houses around me (not to mention the trees here give you a closed in feeling, where Colorado's forests are very open). We finally moved to our current home that is half an acre and has a natural woods behind the house. We thought it would be a great place to bring up kids and it was. The kids were no longer stuck playing in little sandboxes, but got to dig earthen forts in the backyard. My garden switched from being a small 4'x12' raised bed to the 20'x20' plot I have now. There is a small little conservation area about a 1/3 of a mile from the house where I go for walks. The neighborhood is safe. It is not close to public transportation or major roads, so the only people that come here live here.

It was an idyllic place to bring up kids, but green it was not. Not being on public transportation has caused a lot of issues. I have biked to places from here, but its major flaw is that it is on the top of a large hill. It is OK if you are pedaling yourself up the hill, but as soon as you put a couple of gallons of milk and all the rest of the food for the week on the bike, it becomes really hard. It wasn't something I did for long. I still occasionally bike to Trader Joe's to buy things, but I can't do a real stocking up run without a car.

I think the love of nature often causes more problems to nature than it solves. Though I'm inside the 128 belt in Boston, many people that love nature like me choose to live farther out. This means longer car trips, tearing down more trees for homes in the wild, building more roads. So many people want that second home in the mountains, on the lake or in the woods. They put in lawns even in the wilderness then fertilize them and cause runoff pollution. People seem to love their nature, but then have an absurd desire to tame it.

I often see people that claim to love nature yet don't tread very lightly. Backpackers use up wood in the wilderness that is important to the ecosystem. I've seen people that blithely go off path and walk on desert soil crusts. I've seen people stand up on coral. Most of these people are not trying to be bad. They are there because they love the woods, the desert or the reef. They are merely uneducated about the harm they are doing.

Loving nature isn't always bad though. There are those who love nature and become protective of it, instead of just using it. These activists (like John Muir and Howard Zahniser) have protected many beautiful places so that our children and their children will still have real wilderness to see and explore.

Monday Seedling Update

The cute little onion and leeks seedlings are getting stronger. Or at least some of them are. The onions all have their second leaf and are reaching up to the lights. I raised the light last week just a bit to accommodate them. Now they are hitting the lights again. I'll either have to raise the lights again or snip the highest inch off.

I've noticed that some of my seedlings are very strong, and some not quite up to par. I wish I had sown about a third more cells with seed, so I could just pick the strongest. The really weak ones I've pulled out but there are still the almost OK ones. I noticed when I planted those kind of leek seedlings last year they just didn't perform. The strong ones got over an inch in diameter, the weaker ones only got to be pencil width. I'm sure my onions will behave about the same. I need a little more will power to make my onions better, but I also need more onion seedlings.

I'm also still debating with myself what to do with the cells that have more than one strong seedling. I can plant them as a unit. Though I've never done it, supposedly bulbing onions grow fine next to one another. They push each other apart as they grow. Or I can transplant strong seedlings to an empty cell. Hmm decisions, decisions. The part of me that is itching to garden wants to transplant them now - not to mention the obsessive part of me that wants nice neat rows all alike. The scientist in me wants to see what happens when I plant two or three onions right next to one another. I think the scientist part is going to win out, but the gardener part might sneak up the scientist someday while she isn't looking and just do it.

Garden Bloggers Bloom Day February 2009

It is that time of the month again to celebrate blooming flowers in our gardens. Carol of May Dream Gardens hosts this monthly extravaganza and I've joined her most of last year. This year has been a challenge. Last month I had pretty Makeupius iciclium, but they are gone for now. Nothing is blooming. Even the pretty berries from my holly bush have been stripped off of the bushes by the ravenous birds.

I still have the skeletons of old flowers. Dark red brown globes on the rudebeckia have been denuded of seeds, but they still provide structure under the snow. My sedum's seed heads make beautiful patterns of light and shade. Surprisingly the coriander still has seeds on their heads. I guess my birds don't have a taste for seasonings.

I also have the promise of blooms to come. The earliest is my hellebore. The snow has melted along the fence and part of its evergreen leaves have become uncovered. The showiest are my rhododendrons with their large buds. Will I have flowers by March? Time will tell.

A Yellow Rose for Valentine's Day

I'm sending this yellow rose out at Valentine's Day to Stuart and all my friends at Blotanical. A yellow rose means friendship and that is what I've found in so many people there.

Blotanical is an online gardening community. Though it has other facets, I've used it primarily as a reader for my gardening blogs and to meet like minded folks and that usually means vegetable gardeners. I've found a lot of them since I started on the site in early May. We tend to be in the minority, but they aren't too hard to find.

As the months have gone on, I've developed a ritual. Every week or so I check out the new blogs page and look at each one. The ones I like go onto my favorite blogs list. This list is very important to me, because there is a page on Blotanical that has the two most recent posts of each of my favorite blogs. I read that page every day. Ok I confess. I'm there more often than once a day, but I'm addicted to my blogs.

So to Stuart and all my Blotanical friends have a happy Valentine's Day. And to my husband, whom I've already wished a happy Valentines's Day, don't worry. Stuart created Blotanical and he lives in Australia, so you have nothing to worry about.

Seed Savers Yearbook

I had a real treat land in my mailbox yesterday. It was the Seed Savers Yearbook. This year it is a collection of over 13,000 varieties of open pollinated seeds from over 500 members of the SSE. There are lots of old and otherwise hard to find seeds. I've already ordered my seed for the year but some of the squash really caught my eye, which is strange since they have not one photo in the book.

I have trouble with the squash vine borer every year. This year I'm growing C. moschata "Neck Pumpkin" to foil the nasty pests since moschatas are supposedly resistant to the vine borer. It seemed the best of the moschatas that were available when I was purchasing seeds. The SSE Yearbook however has pages of moschatas.

Creek Candyroaster Pumpkin caught my eye, but it had an L.Q. tag. L. Q. stands for limited quantity, which means I can't get it. Only people who list seeds in the yearbook can get L.Q. seeds. Ah well there are tons of others. Then I saw "Magdalena Big Cheese". That looked perfect. One person wrote "never found a vine borer in the vines" and "easiest and best pie pumpkin I have found". Jackpot. Another said "huge plants will spread all over everything". It sounds just right for my three sister's plot. With a little more research on the web, I found it is perfect for a three sister's plot. It is a very old squash grown by Native Americans. It is not a perfectly pretty squash, but irregular and funny looking.

One thing that is fun to look at in the yearbook is where the seeds come from. There are five people that are offering the seed of Magdalena. You can follow the tree down and find that they all come originally from Native Seeds/SEARCH, a nonprofit who has a seed bank for old southwestern seed.

I See Dirt

It may be a dismal day out today with all the clouds, but I'm happy. We have had a nice little warm spell for the last couple of days and our snow is melting fast. I can finally see some structure in the garden. I find it interesting how the snow melts first from all the dark things that stick up like my fence and the landscaping pavers that hold up my raised beds. You can't really see it in this photo but the dirt is bare six inches from the fence all the way around. The big dirt area in the lower right of the photo is close to the house, so I'm guessing it melted because my foundation keeps it warmer.

My poly tunnels didn't hold up. Not much of a surprise. There might be some life underneath, but I can't tell yet. I think I would need another day or two of warm weather to melt the last bits out. Since the tunnels collapsed, the odds are slim for widespread survival. Plastic tends to transmit the cold if it is touching the plants. Next year I either need better tunnels, or just stick with row covers. I still think the bunching onions and the tatsoi will have survived, but I'm also holding out for the lettuce and chard. Hope springs eternal on such warm days.

Summer Reading

Decades ago (boy that make me sound old) I used to read a lot of vegetable gardening books. I don't often do that anymore. I would read a book about a "new" system and it would just say the same things over that I already had heard before. Each author just packages it differently.

I felt that way about the one vegetable gardening book I read last year - "How To Grow More Vegetables," by John Jeavons. Ok I know it was first written over 30 years ago. So I'm slow. I'm not saying it isn't a good book. It is. In fact it is a wonderful book. I've just heard it all before. Intensive gardening isn't very new. It was done by South Americans and Chinese for Millennia. The French took it over, I think in the 1800s and started the French Biointensive Method (which is the system that this book evolved from).

I do have some beefs with the book. First off, my raised beds have always been about four feet wide. His are five feet. He must have inhumanly long arms to be able to reach the middle of a five foot bed. Do any of you make your beds that wide? I sometimes feel stretched with my four foot rows.

Secondly he tells you to grow all your own carbon sources for building soil. As a sustainable issue this is a good thing. If you want the grain, I can understand it. I live in the middle of suburbia. My neighbors THROW AWAY their carbon sources (leaves in the fall). Farming carbon for me seems kind of silly. My neighbors package it up every fall in nice brown carbon rich bags. Yes even the bags are carbon. All I have to do is collect it on the way home from work. It doesn't even take an extra trip in the car. I see no need to farm carbon, so I don't. Well OK I am a bit.

I was taught to never have bare soil from many books I've read and since forgotten. I do put down cover crops when my soil is not being used for crops. So I do farm both nitrogen and carben to a small degree. Those crops get ripped up as soon as my vegetables need their space.

I agree with his take on saving your own seed. It really is a good thing to use open pollinated seeds and save them from year to year. I'm trying to do more, but I'm weak. Please don't take away my hybrid cole crops or my seedless cucumber that I can leave on the vine way too long and it still doesn't have nasty seeds. I love my Diamant cucumber. Most of my crops are open pollinated. I'll save more seed this year. I promise.

I am keeping this book and not passing it along for one reason. I love the tables in the book. I don't agree with all of his numbers, but it really is a great reference. If I can't remember how far apart to space the little brocolli seedlings I can look it up. He really has more information in his charts than I will ever need.

I've missed having charts. I don't actually have a normal howto book on vegetable gardening on my bookshelves anymore. I used to. I have no clue as to what happened to them. The only book that comes close is Fukuoka's book, "The Natural Way of Farming." I think I read that one in the early ninties. It really made me want to grow my own grains and sold me on no till methods of growing food. Well except occasionally. I'm allowed to dig that bed up every fifteen years. Right?

The Kindle

My husband had been getting more and more excited last week. It all culminated yesterday, when Amazon announced the Kindle 2. If you have never heard of a Kindle, it is an electronic reader for books. We got our first ones over a year ago around Christmas. DH said he wanted to try it. He had a friend at work with one and he really liked it. I didn't quite have the desire he did, but I did know one thing. If he had one, I had to have one. He buys all the books in the house - well most of the books. I read what he buys.

Despite my skepticism, I fell in love with my little electronic book. I thought I would hate the feel of it and miss my paper, but no. It is so much easier to hold than a real book. If my aging eyes get tired, I can change the font size to make reading easier. I vote for the Hugo Awards and they usually send out all the books and stories in electronic format. I hate reading them on the computer screen, but on my Kindle it is a joy. When we travel, we have a whole library with us and if we are within Sprint cell phone range we can download more books whenever we want.

DH pre-ordered the newer ones yesterday. My response is similar to the last time we got them, what's wrong with how I do it now? I don't know if I really want a new one, but it is required of me. My kids know that when we get the next version, they get our hand-me-downs. We can have up to 6 Kindles on our account and this would make four. When we buy a book, we can all read it. Even when they are off at college. They have been impatiently waiting.

I do have one major problem with the Kindle. I downloaded a gardening book - Breed Your Own Vegetable Varieties. I thought I would be OK since there isn't supposed to be photos and illustrations, but no. Reference books really suck on the Kindle. When they refer you to charts in the back, you can't flip back really quick to look at them. You have to page through or randomly pick a spot in the book. You can bookmark spots, but not label them. Ick. I returned it. Somethings just have to be on real paper.

Monday Seedling Update

My onion seedlings are still growing at their slow steady rate. Their little tops are bashing against the light right now, but it doesn't seem to bother them. No burning at all from the LEDs. The ones that are farther under the lights actually seem to be doing better than the ones that get more of the real sun. I think that is just a temperature issue with being too close to the window. The poor little onion seedlings are still shivering at night too close to the cold glass.

Last week we still had temperatures in the single digits at night, but warming is in sight. We got two days in the 40s over the weekend. Yeah. I read distressing articles of other bloggers about turning over the soil and planting their first transplants. I KNOW I won't be able to do this until March. I don't think I have ever been so impatient to dig into my soil. I think it is a bad side effect of blogging. I read all the other blogs in less frosty zones and feel if they are out doing it I deserve to be out there too.

So instead during our nice 'warm' spell this weekend we went to a handful of open houses in Arlington. My husband's comment was, "I'm so glad we don't HAVE to move anytime soon." We would both like to move there, but in our prefered neighborhoods the pickings are really slim.

Soup and Grilled Bread

Yesterday was a freezing day. It didn't break out of the teens. So it was time for soup. I love soup and I froze some in the late summer and fall. Sadly they are almost gone. Soon I'll have to make more.

Most of my soups don't have a recipe. They are just a mix of everything at hand at the time, be it fresh vegetables or leftovers. The seasonings are all based on whatever gets thrown in. Yesterday's soup was a nice mix of summer and fall. It had tomatoes, carrots, onions, chard, cabbage, zucchini green beans and jalapenos. I couldn't actually see the jalapenos anymore, but I could taste the spice. I'm surprised that no dried beans got into the mix as that is my norm. I love my beans.

As an accompaniment I had grilled bread. I've been experimenting with the now popular techniques of making bread quickly. The first technique is no-knead bread dough. I've always been lazy with bread. I've used my handy dandy mixer in the past. This time I just mixed up my dough and let it sit to rise for 8 hours before using it.

The second technique is to make lots of dough at once and keep it in the fridge for up to two weeks (any leftovers from that get mixed into the next batch of dough). I really like to be able to pull off a hunk of dough and having bread without thinking too far ahead. The time commitment for bread was never my issue, it was the thinking ahead that always stymied me.

I still have to think a little bit ahead. It takes a while in this freezing weather to get my refrigerated dough started rising again. The fastest bread and yummiest has been grilled bread. I found that 20 minutes in a very warm oven is enough to get the dough warm. Then I pull it out and brush butter on both sides and throw it on the grill. It is usually done within 5 minutes. Boy is it yummy. Much better than the rolls made from the same dough.

The dough is simple. 2c ww flour, 2c flour, 1t salt, 2c warm water, 1 package yeast. The recipes always call for instant yeast. I don't have instant yeast, so just did the regular bread making thing of dissolving the yeast in water before mixing it into the dry ingredients.

I find this post amusing since it was going to be a post about soup. The bread just took over somehow. I suppose it is only fair since that is how I felt when eating it too.

A Tea Party for My Seedlings

Every year I grow seedlings the dreaded damping off fungus rears its furry head. I reuse my pots and sterilize them in the dishwasher to keep such diseases away. I also use a sterile potting mix, but neither of those two controls seem to be good enough. It isn't that I lose a lot to this disease, but I lose a couple and to me my seedlings are precious.

The poor little seedlings are only susceptible when young so some say grow those seedlings fast and they will outgrow the issue before it becomes a problem. Others say don't fertilize too much since that makes the problem worse. I mean really? They can't make up their minds. Do I grow my seedlings fast or do I withhold the fertilizer? You can't have it both ways.

Well my seedlings are in a very cold window that ranges in temperature from 50-60°F (10-15°C), not to mention that they are onion seedlings. They will grow SLOWLY. It's just in their nature. So I'm not going to give them a lot of fertilizer. What I am going to give them is tea.

Not just any tea. I don't like my seedlings getting too anxious about their chances of dying from damping off, so it will be chamomile tea. I made a big batch of it last night. This morning I poured it out into my watering can and diluted it a bit. This is what will water my plants for a while to keep them healthy.

That chamomile smell is so delightful. I wish I had made the tea for myself, but not to worry, I have a couple of more cups of chamomile blossoms left still from my summer harvest.

Tomato Madness

I did a terrible thing. From Annie's Granny I found out I could get some free tomato seeds of all sorts of interesting varieties. So I sent in my SESA to Wintersown.org and followed their directions. I had to send in a request for 6 varieties of tomatoes and an alternate list of four more. As soon as I sent the list in I immediately forgot which ones I picked. Typical.

I then promptly forgot about it altogether. Yesterday the seeds arrived. Now I'm in trouble. I have no room to put them. I'll have to find space as right now my tomato area is destined to be taken up by my experiment. I'm thinking I'll have to dig up something, or find some 5 gallon containers from some restaurant to reuse. I know I said previously that tomato seeds were the exception to my seed rule. You can NEVER have too many tomato varieties. I think I have too many. Gulp. Now that I have them, I feel obligated to plant at least a few of them. The seeds must LIVE!

So what kind of tomatoes made me get into tomato madness? Well I saw Black Cherry on the list. I LOVE this tomato. I've been getting my fix of these over the summer from the near by farm. Then I saw a variety on the list that was called Chocolate Cherry. Hmm I wonder if that is better than Black Cherry. Can't know until you try I guess. Then I saw Black Moor, yet another black cherry type, but more oblong. Onto the list it went. Yes I obviously have a fetish for black cherry tomatoes. Don't judge me.

The next two on the list were early tomatoes. It's always good to get early tomatoes here because if they stick around too long our plentiful tomato diseases will get them. It is better that I get some tomatoes before the diseases eat them all. Besides, who doesn't want early tomatoes? The best ones are always the first ones you eat before you become complacent about yummy vine ripened tomatoes. Ok I never really get complacent about such things. I live for them, but there is always something about those first tomatoes.

All of my early tomatoes hail from Siberia, a wonderful heritage for an early tomato. The first is Gregory's Altai, which is a large pink beefsteak type at 67 days. Hmm big and quick. This I had to see. The next selection was Miracle of the Market, which are small about 2-4 oz and produce in 60-70 days.

The next set were the colorful ones from China. Early Ssubakus Aliana is a golden-yellow plum tomato, 75 days supposedly very prolific. Wouldn't it be fun to have yellow tomato sauce? Huang Se Chieh "Moon Yellow" is a pale yellow tomato only 2-3" across. It takes the longest of all the tomatoes to set at 80+ days. Ack. All of the above tomatoes are indeterminate. I've never been a fan of getting a ton of tomatoes at one time off of a plant. I like variety.

The last one is Tumbling Tom, which a lot of people are probably familiar with. It is a nice basket tomato and is the only determinate tomato I asked for. I'm thinking it would be a good one to try indoors.

They said they were going to send me six, but they sent me eight different tomatoes. In addition they sent me parsley (which I already have too much seed of since I collected it last summer) and Armenian Yardlong Cucumber. I'm not growing the cucumber this year. I'm growing a parthenocarpic one (sets fruit without fertilization), and I don't want any male blossoms to make nasty seeds in my cucumber, so I'll hold on to it. Cucumber seeds last a long time if you keep them cool and dry. Someday it will get planted. A seed is a terrible thing to waste.

Monday Seedling Update

Phil is telling us that we have six more weeks of winter. Personally I think Phil was more freaked out by all the people than by his shadow. Pennsylvania rodents notwithstanding, New England spring never gets here in February - though I do seem to recall one February day with a high of around 80°F (27°C). I don't remember precisely what happened the day after, but it probably snowed. Spring just doesn't blossom here until March.

So while I wait out our long and unusually snowy winter, I'm growing onion and leek seedlings under my new blue lights. I love how alliums grow. They stick just an elbow up to start before the rest is willing to follow. They are such tentative little seedlings. My leeks are just starting to come up. I've got those little upside down U shapes all over the 12-pack. Their germination is a little more consistent than my onions were. I put them behind my monitor which is the warmest spot in the house right now. The laundry room where my seedlings are is only 50-60°F. Even my cool weather crops like it better when it is not frigid.

My onions have stretched themselves out. They are still reluctant to get rid of the little black seed caps. Not all of my onions have germinated. I have a few empty cells. I'll have to deal with the issue later.

Patterns in the Snow

Every week more snow falls. This week we were going to get a nice three day thaw, and some rain, but the weather man keeps changing his mind. Now we are once again going to get snow. I usually like snow, but then again we don't usually get so much. Our usual winter storm is 6" of snow followed by an inch of rain then it clears up and everything melts.

I took the above photo on the way to the compost bin (which was covered in 12" of iced on snow). My garden is fairly pretty with its coat of snow. We did have rain after that last snow storm and it melted strange patterns into the snow. The stright lines that go from left to right are the edge of my terraces. My garden is not on perfectly flat land, but each of my beds have been made to be flat.

Alien Invaders, Part II

Our most recent aliens are not actually at my house yet (and hopefully never). They were discovered in Worcester, which is about an hour west of us. It hasn't been long since they were first spotted in August of last year though the estimate is that they have been in the area for at least five years based on how far it has traveled.

Imagine huge black spotted beetles about 3-4 cm long. Now imagine their young have a taste for the inside of your maples trees and you live in New England, the land of beautiful fall foliage and maple syrup. It is not a pretty thing to think about.

(Photo: Donald Duerr, USDA Forest Service, Bugwood.org)

These beetles bore into maples slowly killing them over several years. There are other trees that are susceptible - birch, willow, elm and horse chestnut - but Worcester's trees are predominantly maple.

There have been previous infestations in isolated spots around the country. It gets here from China. Our love for imported goods is what brings it in since it hitches a ride on wooden material, like packing crates and pallets. In the US the control for this insect in the past (and for here) has been eradication.

Luckily it is a lazy insect. It doesn't fly far. Usually it is a home body and sticks to the same area it was born in. It doesn't travel more than a mile and a half and the adults don't over winter. They die after the first frost, though their eggs live on. The most important thing for us to do is not to transport it out of its area via plants, firewood and the like. Currently they have a delineated area that is being quarantined.

The second thing is to find all of the infected trees. Then after the first hard frost (so the adults don't decide to travel more) cut them down and burn them inside the infected area. Infected trees have dig spots in them which can be identified. This is where the adults lay their eggs.

It is a very scary infestation. Much scarier than the one I talked about yesterday. Though it has been eradicated from the US during other infestations, we have never had an infestation found before that is so close to heavily forested areas. The possibility for this getting out of control is much greater than in the past, so if you live in Massachusetts, especially near the Worcester area, please learn how to spot it and what it looks like and take a look around your yard. In the beetle's native area, the trees are all pretty resistant to the beetle. In the US this is not the case.

The photo above is of a dead beetle. It actually has little blue socks when it is alive. If you want to see lots of photos so you can identify it and its dig spots, the UMass Extension has a nice PDF (warning the file is large). It also tells you how to report a find of the beetle on the last slide.

Alien Invaders, Part I

I like to stop by my state's extension service on occasion to read the news. The news for the last couple of months have been all about alien invasions and how to control them. The first alien invader that we noticed showed up at our house in 2006 around Thanksgiving time. Their little triangular shapes swarmed out of the sky towards the house trying to break in. "Take me to your lights," they wanted to say. Yes they were moths - winter moths.

They coated any surface outside that was white. They beat themselves futilely against the glass at night. They totally covered our white doors, making it an effort to get inside without dragging a dozen with us each time. They were very annoying and we hadn't seen them before. They had probably been around the year before, but not in enough profusion to make us sit up and take notice. Now we do.

What weird moths they are too. They are most prevalent in December. Their biology must be very different to be able to function in the cold. I really wonder what their antifreeze is. Northern New England doesn't get them. It is too cold. We live right on the border of their range. We had some very frigid temperatures in November and December. I'm hoping it killed a lot of them off, because they have become a very big pest to our forests.

In springtime their children munch on the trees. I haven't seen such caterpillar poop rain since the last gypsy moth invasion. It comes in such quantities, I keep thinking of sweeping it off my patio and collecting it for fertilizer for the garden. On Cape Cod the invasion is so bad, the oak trees have started dying. They can only take so many years in a row of getting defoliated in the spring before they start to die (the invasion started in Plymouth in 2003 and has spread).

The one good thing that seems to have come out of it in my yard has been the influx of birds. I have seen more different species of birds in my garden than I ever have before (especially warblers). Those caterpillars make good baby food.

Luckily we have a good weapon against our invader. Our own little dive bombing aerial weapon is a fly. Though maybe it is more like ground troops setting mines. They lay their eggs on the leaves which the caterpillars eat. The parasitic fly grows from the soon to be ex-caterpillar. When Nova Scotia was invaded with the same moth, it took ten years for that control to work. Massachusetts started releasing flies in the area about four years ago, so we have a few more years of heavy infestation to go yet. I hope my trees survive.

Our other invasion is also taking down our trees, but deserves its own post.

My Precious Seeds

Many people have been getting their seed orders and showing how they store and organize them. It is fun to see all the weird boxes people use. Kathy of Skippy's Vegetable Garden, organizes them planting date, which is a smart system. I tend to organize by type (Nightshade, Lettuce/Greens, Brassica, Cucurbits, Root Crops, Flowers, Herbs, Beans/Peas/Corn). Half my box is taken over by my biggest seeds - beans, peas and corn. I really have too many peas. I had some left over from last year but wasn't sure I would have enough to plant. I think I over did it.

It may be hard to tell in the photo, but I'd better not get too many more seeds. It is bursting at the seems. I'm not sure I can shove anymore in. Luckily peas get planted first. Then I will have space.

I love the box even though it could be a couple inches longer. It is just the right height for seed packets and it has an airtight seal. I usually store it in my fridge. Yes. I give prime refrigerator space to my seeds. I should put them in the basement since the seal is airtight, but I like the low even temperatures of my fridge. I'm hoping my onion seed can be used again next year.

Most seed lasts a long time, but if you store them right they will last longer. They need dark, even cool temperatures and low humidity. A lot of people will say that cucumbers will last 5 years, but the truth is they can last twice as long if they have been treated right by you and the people you buy them from. I've heard they can last up to 10 years. Everyone will give you a different number for how long seeds will last. I tend to think of them as short, medium or long keepers.

Short keepers are the onion family, parsnips, corn, and spinach. Most people will say to buy new seed every year, but I like to try to keep them for a second year. I never finish a whole packet in a year and the seed must earn its keep.

Medium keepers are beans, carrots, peas, peppers and eggplant. These are said to last about two to three years, but you just know that I'm going to plant them at four and five years if they still are hanging around my seed box.

Long keepers are the tomato, cucurbits, brasiccas, beet family, lettuce, and radish. If kept in a good storage space, they can be kept almost forever. Ok others say four to five years. I say my seeds could last longer, but if I haven't used it up by then, I'm probably sick and tired of that variety and will try something new.

I mean really, five years? If I haven't used it up by then, they are wasting the precious space in the seed box and will be told in no uncertain terms that they are unwelcome. Ok tomatoes get a exemption from the chopping block. You can never have too many varieties of tomatoes in your seed box, but if I haven't used a packet of lettuce or radish up in that time, there is something wrong with them.

Of course your seed won't last long if you don't take care of it. My kids are off at college so my mothering instinct gets all used up on my seeds and seedlings - hmm maybe that is why I'm growing all my plants from seed this year. I do remember years when I kept seed in a clear container in my pantry where it can get up to 90°F in the summer.

Now, however, I'm doing it right. I store their container in a nice, dark, cool place. I don't open it up straight from the fridge during the summer when humidity will condense on it. I plan ahead and let it sit on my counter for a few hours to get to room temperature. In the summer I never open the main box except twice (for getting out all the fall seeds then putting them back in). Ok maybe more often. I do have a bad memory and forgot some seeds last year, so had to open it again...and again. My intention is to just open it twice, or three times, maybe four.... At least for succession crops like lettuce and tatsoi, I leave those out all summer. It isn't worth risking my main stash of seed anymore than I already do. I try to treat them right, but sometimes I'm just a bad mother.

Do Follow

I was over at Dirt Digger's blog, "Blunders with shoots, blossoms 'n roots", the other day and noticed an icon I hadn't seen before. "Spread Link Love Do Follow," it said. What in the world? So I clicked on the "Read More" link. Yes, I'll follow any link given a chance, even ones I have no clue as to what they are and who doesn't want to spread the love?

It turns out our wonderful blog hosters automatically put the "nofollow" HTML attribute on our comments. I had no clue. I don't go in and read the source code from my blog very often. For those that are clueless to what I'm talking about, "nofollow" tells the robots that spider the web to not follow the link, but more importantly it means your link is considered not important and isn't counted in calculating your ranking on search engines.

They do this to try to keep spammers out. They figure if spammers can go up in search engine rankings by posting, then there will be a lot of spam out there just waiting to happen. Does it? I doubt it. People still have to type in that annoying list of letters to post a comment. And I have power. Muhahahah! (I was actually at an evil laugh contest the other day and the guys can do it so much better than the girls, but in print we are all the same). I can delete any comment that I don't like. I haven't used it yet, but I can.

Also I take umbrage to them calling my commenters unimportant. I love my commenters. So from now on you will be counted. I've changed my template to get rid of that tag. Now if I could only figure out how to change my comments page, I can add an icon.

Onion Seedlings

We have had some really frigid temperatures since I planted my onion seed on January 15th. My blog says I planted on the 16th, but it lies. Never trust a blog where you can schedule your posts for another day and the blogger is going on vacation.

Anyway I digress. Our temperatures have been frigid and my poor little twelve-packs have been pressed against the window pane shivering. I don't like to get up on cold days either. I stay under my warm covers and hope it will get warmer. However a few hardy souls popped up on the 22nd. Slowly over time more have been emerging. Yesterday I moved the ones near the window, that had very spotty germination to the back row, where most of the seeds are already up. In the above photo the ones that were in the back are to the right and the ones that shivered are to the left.I'm hoping now that they have moved around the other packs will germinate.

Yesterday I planted my leeks and decided to forego the freezing window in favor of behind my computer monitor. The heat comes up there and it is much warmer. I'm thinking their germination will be quicker. Even cool season crops like lettuce and alliums prefer to germinate in the mid 70°Fs. It isn't worth bringing out my heating mat for them, but I will do that in March when the first warm weather crops get seeded (chili peppers).